STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES - Essay Example It turns employees into expert specialists since there is division of labor. However, it also has its weaknesses since people in this structure tend to approve all type of communication as they pass all hierarchies. If the hierarchy is rigid, there is lack of autonomy since hire-ups are required to approve decisions and they may be far from the customer. Ferreira (2009) suggests that there may arise interdepartmental rivalry as they grow in size and this may result in favoritism that benefits departments and not the institutions. Uher (2009) explains that the concept of boundaryless organization has had an impact in the global world since they are not limited to vertical, horizontal, or external boundaries that are usually predetermined. The cross functional teams dissolves their horizontal barriers and the external alliances transcend the firm boundaries together with their relationships. This enables the company to respond fast to environmental changes and be able to spearhead innovation .This boundaryless environments are found in learning organizations where teams self organize and create an environment where knowledge is easily shared in effective

Letter to the President of a Fast Food Chain Essay Example for Free

Letter to the President of a Fast Food Chain Essay In a recent article from CBS News, it was found out that the percentage of obesity in United States has risen to alarming levels. What is frightening about this statistics is that nearly one third of children in the US aged 4-19 consume six extra pounds every year which jeopardizes their health by making them vulnerable to obesity (Holguin 2003). This is no wonder considering the fact that billions of dollars are allocated to the ludicrous amount of fast food advertising and ubiquitous franchises that virtually leaves the public saturated with high-calorie and low-fiber diet. I am writing to you to explain how detrimental it is for children to consume abnormal amounts of fast food, so that in your capacity as president of a leading fast food chain, you can consider this information and alter the way your products are produced and marketed. It is true that food intake is a matter of individual responsibility. However, in case of children, marketing plays a powerful part in controlling their choices. One of the biggest culprits that make fast food so appealing to children is the marketing of meals with toys. The idea behind associating fast food with toys is to attract a bigger slice of the market since kids would usually be accompanied by their families when they go out to get burger, fries and the latest toy craze. The motto of fast food marketing is to attract kids with â€Å"toys, toys, toys† (Schlosser 2001, 46). Even the facilities and playground section in most fast food chains seem to be a part of marketing this unhealthy food. Advertising, of course, would not reveal how unhealthy the meals that come with the toys are. The high calorie content of these meals comes from heavy frying and large amounts of sugar that appeal to the taste buds of children. Studies show that babies prefer the sweet taste and reject the bitter ones (Schlosser 2001). As such, fast food meals become â€Å"comfort foods† for children because of the addicting experience they have when they consume it (Schlosser 2001, 123). Another problem in preparation of meals in fast food restaurants is the use of hydrogenated oil for frying (Gosline 2006). Hydrogenated oil or trans-fats are hazardous because they increase the risk of heart attack (Gosline 2006). Obesity is another outcome of a steady consumption of high-calorie diet. Although companies promote exercise and having an active lifestyle, these are no compensation for consuming more than the required calories for a day. Obesity is not the final result of a high-calorie diet because it branches out and causes myriad of other health problems including diabetes which attack body systems making it susceptible to host of other diseases and organ failures. Presently, the media, specifically producers of eye-opening documentaries and books, and policy-makers are making efforts to inform the public of the hazards of fast food. These efforts are meant to protect our children from developing unhealthy habits and eventually developing body malfunctions. It is my advocacy that people, including those who are involved the industry of fast food, are informed of the repercussions of unchecked, unbalanced and irresponsible production and consumption of this modern day health hazard. Only through information can we be aware of the dangers that we have been so accustomed to patronize. Sincerely yours, [author] References Gosline, A. (2006). â€Å"Why fast foods are bad, even in moderation. † News Scientist Health. Retrieved 25 January 2009 from http://www. newscientist. com/article/dn9318. Holguin, J. (2003). â€Å"Fast Food linked to Child Obesity. † CBS News. Retrieved 25 January 2009 from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2004/01/05/health/main591325. shtml. Schlosser, E. (2001). Fast Food Nation The dark side of the all-american meal. NY: Hughton Mifflin

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2. What were weaknesses of the Weimar Republic? How did different political groups seek to remedy these weaknesses? The Treaty of Versailles, which put an end to World War I, caused a number of positive and negative outcomes in Germany. Germany was in need of a democratic government in order to meet the harsh provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. Established by members from the Social Democrat Party in 1919, the Weimar Republic became the central power in Germany for the following years. The republic was found in the city of Weimar and was a replacement, so to say, for the imperial government that had previously stood as the central authority. Even though the Weimar Republic managed to lead Germany for 15 years, it experienced devastating drawbacks such as hyperinflation, lack of support from the public, and the constant efforts from different groups to overthrow the government; because of these factors, different political groups sought a resolution, such as overthrowing the government and pushing for a strong leader. Severe economic problems arose in Germany essentially due to the punitive provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. â€Å"The German government began to print money to pay its bills.† (McKay, 872). In order to make up for the massive debt and reparations connected to the Treaty of Versailles, the government started to print loads of money. The influx of money across Germany due to newly printed bills caused prices to rise. Money became rather worthless with an abundance of it, which hurt many people’s incomes. Hyperinflation soon occurred, which put the economy in a weak position and further contributed to the downfall of the Weimar Republic. Many resented the government because of its agreement to the ... ..., Lativia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Russia, Romania, and Yugoslavia. 4.) How were the principles of national self-determination applied to the redrawing of Europe after the war and why didn't this theory work in practice? The map of Europe was redrawn after World War I such that the countries that desired independence had their own self-governing nation. This caused the German Empire, for instance, to grow smaller and not encompass the small countries that had previously been a part of the empire. Although these territorial changes were seemingly beneficial to some, they ultimately did not work in practice for various reasons. The countries that achieved independence were not successful for reasons such as their failure to establish diplomatic relations with other countries and weak infrastructure; these reasons combined resulted in a weak country.

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The younger generation now is quite sensitive to issues regarding their physical characteristics. Issues such as ones’ body weight have been of serious concern. School administrators are worried that students might neglect their health; hence, an inquiry into the common eating habits is accomplished. Employing the case study paradigm; this quantitative study is focus on understanding the factors influencing the students’ eating habits. A total of 207 students of a technical vocational university in Taiwan participated in the study. Survey includes common eating habits; more specifically on the types and frequency of the food the students’ eat. The Big Five Personality Scale is also administered to further understand the factors affecting the students’ eating habits. Results show that the students’ eating habits are affected by their various background demographics, such as gender, year level, study session, and personality. More importantly, results also show that the Applied Foreign Language students scored highest on the personality trait openness. Further additional implications on the Big Five Personality are also given. In sum, the current study provides the opportunity of opening up discussions explaining; perhaps not in whole, but in part why students act the way they are today. 1. Introduction In recent years, the public in general have been valuing outward appearance more and more each day. As we read from the new, the number of people undergoing plastic surgery is at the all-time high. Beauty products have been getting better sales, even during these hard economic times [1]. It seems that people cares so much on their outward appearance than their budget. In an educational setting, many have wondered why students... ... signifies that when the frequency for eating dessert increases, Conscientiousness decreases. 5. Conclusion The current study exemplifies the use of the Big Five Personality scale to understand EFL students’ eating habits. This case study, though limited to the sample coming from a science and technology university, shows that students are more geared towards healthy lifestyles. As shown in the results that the frequency for eating breakfast is quite high (five times a week). Furthermore, students who are more Conscientious refrain from eating desserts (sweets). While eating out is much dependent on their employment status. In sum, individuals’ eating habits would be much related to their background demographics. Hence, it is recommended that students should know the consequences of both good and bad eating habits; for ultimately, you are what and how you eat.

Costal Features Along Maracas Bay

Tides often determine the range over which sediment is deposited or eroded. Areas with high tidal ranges allow waves to reach farther up the shore, and areas with lower tidal ranges produce deprossosition at a smaller elevation interval. The tidal range is influenced by the size and shape of the coastline. Tides do not typically cause erosion by themselves; however, tidal bores can erode as the waves surge up river estuaries from the ocean. [3] Waves erode coastline as they break on shore releasing their energy; the larger the wave the more energy it releases and the more sediment it moves.Coastlines with longer shores have more room for the waves to disperse their energy, while coasts with cliffs and short shore faces give little room for the wave energy to be dispersed. In these areas the wave energy breaking against the cliffs is higher, and air and water are compressed into cracks in the rock, forcing the rock apart, breaking it down. Sediment deposited by waves comes from eroded cliff faces and is moved along the coastline by the waves. This forms an abrasion or cliffed coast. Sediment deposited by rivers is the dominant influence on the amount of sediment located on a coastline. 4] Today riverine deposition at the coast is often blocked by dams and other human regulatory devices, which remove the sediment from the stream by causing it to be deposited inland. Like the ocean which shapes them, coasts are a dynamic environment with constant change. The Earth's natural processes, particularly sea level rises, waves and various weather phenomena, have resulted in the erosion, accretion and reshaping of coasts as well as flooding and creation of continental shelves and drowned river valleys

Gender equality

Gender equality Tyrone Cloyd Baltimore, MD Gender equality has been a social concern since man step foot on earth. When we think of gender equality discrimination against women is what comes to mind, but in recent years psychologist and sociologist have began to study how men are discriminated against. It is considered general knowledge that men still make more money a year then women, and it is true that men hold most of the position of power in society. Recent studies have concluded that there is an aspect of society that discriminates against men. This aspect of society is deeply rooted in the American culture, and it is hard to name, to discuses, and to study. Gender roles for men, then are viewed not as biological givens, but as social constructions created from the expectations of social forces such as parents, teachers, peers, and the media about what constitute masculinity {(Pleck, 1995) Mahalik 1998}."The world turned upside down" (gender-role revers...Men are socialized to believe in the i mportance of success, power, and competitiveness. Because the male socialization experience is theorized to create negative feelings such as anxiety and shame related to all things feminine, the development of rigid traditional male roles, or male gender role conflict {(O'Neil, Helms, Gable, David, Wrightsman, 1986) Mahalik 1998}.Looking at male emotional socialization from the framework of the gender role strain paradigm, many boys are required to block their feelings and restrict the expression of their vulnerable and caring emotions {(Levant) Mahalik 1998}. Because of this, "a man experiences any particular facet of self that he considers feminine with great conflict and anxiety, because he believes it threatens his manhood" (Mahalik, Cournoyer, Defranc, Cherry, and Napolitano 1998). As a result of this fear of femininity, men are believed to over conform to traditional male roles as a coping strategy to avoid...

The guitar essays

The guitar essays The guitar is a fretted, stringed instrument, and is a member of the lute family. It originated in Persia and reached Spain during the twelth-century, where it ¹s versatility as both a solo and accompanying instrument were established. The theory of the guitar was discovered in the early centuries. They found that the sound of a bowstring could be enhanced by attaching a resonating chamber -most like a tortiseshell- to the bow. From the bow came essentially three main types of stringed instruments: the Harp family, which was the sound of plucked strings indirectly transmitted to an attached sound box. The second was the Lyre family, which was strings of a fixed pitch are attached to the directly to a sound chamber. And the third was the Lute family, this was were the pitch of strings was altered by pressing them against a neck that is attached directly to a sound chamber. Within the Lute family came two groups. The lutes proper which had rounded backs and the guitar type ins truments with their flat backs. Guitar-shaped instruments appear in stone bas-relief sculptures of the hittites in northern Syria and Asia Minor from as far back as 1350 B.C. The word guitar also has origins in the middle and far east, deriving from gut, is the Arabic word for four, and tar, the Sanskrit word for string. The earliest European guitars did have four courses of gut strings. A course is a pair of strings tuned in unison. These early guitars were distinguished from lutes by body sides that curved inward to form a waist and by four courses of strings. Some but not all early guitars had a flat back, while lutes always had a flat back. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance the lute was the dominant fretted instrument. The lute with was pear-shaped and had five or more courses of strings was generally regarded as a higher class of instrument. By 1546 the guitar had gained enough popularity to merit the publication of a book of guita...

Gray Wolves In Yellowstone Essays - Yellowstone, Canid Hybrids

Gray Wolves In Yellowstone Essays - Yellowstone, Canid Hybrids Gray Wolves In Yellowstone The reintroduction of Gray Wolves into Yellowstone has had many positive affects such as controlling the populations of large game and taking out the small week stupid ones. Some farmers complain about them killing cattle but who cares what they think. The gray wolf, also called the timber wolf, is the largest of about 41 wild species within the dog family, Canidae, of the order Carnivora. All living wolves are considered a single species, Canis lupus. There are 32 recognized subspecies of the gray wolf. Wolf size varies. Adults range from about five to six and a half feet from nose to tip of tail, from 26 to 36 inches high at the shoulders, and weigh from 40 to 175 pounds. Gray wolves arent necessarily gray but grizzled gray is the most common color they can also be white, black or red. Wolves are distinguished from dogs by characteristics of the skull. At one time the wolf lived throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere. Most wolf populations are in Canada and Alaska, where they are relatively stable. Of the lower 48 only Minnesota has a wolf population large enough to maintain itself. Wolves live in packs. The Forestry Service reintroduced gray wolves to the northern Rocky Mountains as well as Yellowstone National Park in an attempt to re-establish the species after an absence of more than 60 years. Gray wolves were exterminated from the area by the late 1920s. They are designated as endangered under the Endangered Species Act in most of the lower 48 states. The reintroduction program is a cooperative effort with the National Park Service and USDA Forest Service. Late last century, we realized that something was wrong with the ecosystem in Yellowstone National Park. Without the wolves Yellowstone fails to maintain its natural state. It was made clear that the ecosystem in Yellowstone would never function properly until they were back. They decided that the wolf should be reintroduced into the ecosystem at Yellowstone. Many people, thought that this was foolish. The debate over wolves and Yellowstone has pissed off a lot of people, who will continue to rage for years. Why were wolves reintroduced to Yellowstone? Wolves helped restore Yellowstone's ecosystem to a condition that resembles the way used to be. The wolf, is a large predator, and therefor an important part of the parks ecosystem. Once the population recovered, interactions between predators and prey were restored. The wolves select the weakest and most vulnerable members of the populations of deer, elk, bison, and kill them. Such actions enhance the health of the parks game species as well as weeding out the wussies. Even with wolves roaming the parks, visitors will rarely see them. They will be able to understand the importance of the wolf and see how the balance of life is essential. The biological factors resulting from reintroducing the wolf are important. However, the wolf itself is a mystery and symbol to mankind. Today, not everyone feels that same way about the wolf and its surroundings. Many don't know and understand the importance of the wolf and its duty. What you do not know you will fear. What one fears, one destroys.

Discuss Some Hindu Influences in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discuss Some Hindu Influences in America - Essay Example The influence is quite evident as there are numerous temples that were created by people belonging to the Hindu religion in the region of America. These temples can easily be seen in regions such as Texas and New York. In these temples people practice their religious traditions such as Holi and Diwali quite openly. In these events people belonging to the Hindu religion as well as the other citizens of America participate together. Another major example of the influence of Hindu religion on the American soil is the acceptance of Kama Sutra. The book is thought to be a guideline for having a sexual experience. Hindus believe that the book teaches about pleasure, love as well as wishes. This book was translated into English and gained great popularity during the period of 1990s (Ciochetto 77). The Hindu religious music has even greatly influenced the music industry of America. Quite famous Hindu chants have now become a part of the main stream music industry of America. For example The Hare Krishna mantra has become quite a famous song in

The Interrelationship Between Music and Program in Vivaldis Violin Essay

The Interrelationship Between Music and Program in Vivaldis Violin Concerto in F minor, Op. 8, no. 3 Autumn (The Four Seasons) (1725) - Essay Example .The ritornello form used in the â€Å"Autumn† concerto is clear. The tutti section in the first movement outlines the theme and is repeated numerous times in variation throughout the movement. The solo sections embellish on the main theme as well as moving into more free-flowing segments. The Italian Concerto format of three movements (fast, slow, fast) is a basic standard for the period and Vivaldi adheres to that model. Key changes in the Baroque period, from minor to major are made more rapidly than examples of concerti from the latter 18th Century where composers took more time in both tutti and solo sections before shifting to alternate keys. Phrases are often played in forte and repeated in piano; this style is a signature of Vivaldi in many of his concerti. In the Baroque style, often the solo sections of a concerto are accompanied by a simple bass line, or ground bass, perhaps with incidental strings or other instruments and usually harpsichord. Vivaldi follows this convention. The solo violin is left with little background from the orchestra, leaving more room for free flowing play with the theme and variations upon it. The opening to Vivaldi’s concerto is lively and athletic. In four quarter time, it has a quality reminiscent of folk dance. There is a leaping feature to the subject with strongly accenting downbeats. The violin enters, strictly following the theme but turns a portion of the theme upside down. In the next solo section the violin takes a series of leaps and arpeggios as it moves toward a slightly slower and more chromatic subject. Slowing pace in the middle of an allegro movement deviates from the standard form of the day. Vivaldi’s style of composition varies from other composers in that there is less str ictness in the solo sections or adherence to the original theme. Instead, the violin is left to fly through arpeggios and runs adding to the strong rhythms and rich texture of the work. The second movement is slow and simple, using the harpsichord as the main instrument accompanied by quiet strings in chromatic lines and basso continuo. â€Å"Along with the emphasis on a single melody and bass line came the practice of basso continuo, a method of musical notation in which the melody and bass line are written out and the harmonic filler indicated in a type of shorthand.†1 The third movement opens with a vigorous theme, with a strong â€Å"leaping† rhythm in triple time. In the opening solo section, the violin turns the theme upside down in contrast to the tutti and with harshly struck bow work, which adds to the rustic flavour of the music. As in the first movement, ritornello is used to bring the theme back throughout the movement, embellished by the resolute solos of the violin. Again, there is a slowing of the music before one final and triumphant recapitulation of the theme. In context of the poem, Vivaldi’s â€Å"Autumn† accurately describes the verses. From the opening dance of the peasants to the slower paced section in the first movement that describes the â€Å"full liquor of Bacchus†, the music complements the words. As well, the rich texture of the theme and harmonics in major thirds reflects the colors of the season. However, the solo sections break from strict Baroque form by allowing the solo instrument to take more liberty with variation and free form phrasing, within the work. This shift away from the theme allows Vivaldi to â€Å"play† with the images in the poem invoking dance and even the movement of wind in the trees. The second movement reflects the sleeping peasants. The slow, chromatic strings and the quiet harpsichord invoke a clear sense of a calm night. The third movement, with its rousing open ing theme

Trends in Health Information Systems and Applications (slp4) Essay

Trends in Health Information Systems and Applications (slp4) - Essay Example The military’s electronic health record is the Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application (AHLTA), which provides secure online access to MHS beneficiaries records (Defense Health Information Management System [DHIMS], n.d.). This is an effective system that allows convenient global access to needed records without requiring too much time. With AHLTA, there is an assurance of continued care and enjoyment of benefits. The online enrollment easily allows beneficiaries to update personal information. This technology is efficient especially in cases new addresses or change of numbers. When the beneficiary logs on the website to update information or enroll in a certain health program, the rest of his or her records are also immediately updated. Online drug comparison permits TRICARE beneficiaries to â€Å"check for availability, costs, alternatives and details about the prescription medication all in one place,† (TRICARE, n.d.) thus they are given options on ho w health care would be provided according to their preferences and needs. Automated patient safety technology is an important innovation that looks into past and present records and treatment of the beneficiary in order to provide the optimum care and preventing complications at the same time.

Film Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Film Music - Essay Example The difficulty of studying the nature of the music for motion pictures derives from the complexity of the medium. Films usually operate through "a conjunction of visual and auditory signals, research into film music requires an understanding of not one but two non-verbal systems of communication, as well as the problematical jargons with which we attempt to describe each of them in speech (Marks, 1997, p. 3)". Currently, few scholars have mastered the field of such specialized studies as music in silent movies. Thus, I have to address that this paper has limitation based on the narrow specialization of the topic. The subject of film music is neglected by researchers, because it spans between two disciplines and its material presents many problems (Marks, 1997). Unlike concert music, film music exists only as an accompaniment to the film and is not included into a repertoire. Especially in music for silent movies, the primary material that has to be researched is not the music, but th e film itself. Consequently, the film music in silent movies has to be studies together with a profound observation of the movie. Music in this sense is in the core of the research and the movie plot stays in the periphery (Marks, 1997). "As we view a film, our minds must contend with the ever-changing content of the moving image and the soundtrack. The individual elements (not just music, but also lighting, camera work, editing, and so forth) are submerged into the flow of images on the screen. Hence the engrossed audience rarely perceives these elements consciously; it is simply carried along by the stream of sights and sounds (Marks, 1997, p.4)." Marks (1997) points out that most of our "information about music and silent cinema dates from after 1910; earlier than that, documents are lacking and extant scores are few (p. 26)." Altman (1998) observes that in the early periods of silent film musical accompaniment was not standard practice. He explains that the US film industry began to introduce normative musical score as accompaniment between 1908 and 1912. Altman (1998) also notes that developing the musical accompaniment was a significant part of the cinematic transformation that was taking part at that time. Efforts were made to stimulate the use of film music and to supervise its quality. Much more attention should be paid on the impact of geography into music. The urbanized east coast versus the less populated western states, the neighborhood trends versus the downtown surroundings have influenced the sound in the silent movies (Altman, 1998). Ethnicity and race and the emergence of African folklore traditions, ragtime an d jazz on the musical accompaniment also placed a cornerstone in silent movies music. After the World War I and the disastrous flu epidemic in the 1918, the 1920s can be characterized as one of the most prosperous years in America. The 1920s are also called "The Roaring Twenties" or "The Jazz Age" (Blundell, n.d). After the World War I, a lot of African Americans who were living in the South, started to move North. Northern America was more industrialized and provided more employment opportunities. Thus, African Americans hoped they could make a better living. 1920s was the time when

The Stranger - Orson Welles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Stranger - Orson Welles - Essay Example Classic film noir was developed during and after World War II, taking advantage of the post-war ambience of anxiety, pessimism, and suspicion (Film Noir). The plot of the film follows the pattern usually set for the noir type, that is, the presence of a disillusioned male character and a femme fatale who leads him to his eventual destruction. The lead character is Franz Kindler, played by Welles, who is a Nazi organizer and leader who is supposedly the brains behind the Nazi torture camps. Kindler has gone incognito in a quiet town in New England, and is now a professor at the university. He has also changed his name to Charles Rankin, and nobody knows about his dark past. To make this disguise more legitimate, he has agreed to wed Mary, the daughter of the town’s Supreme Court justice. Unfortunately Wilson knows that Rankin/Kindler is in hiding, so they allow Meinike, Rankin/Kindler’s subordinate, to escape from prison to lead the trail towards the latter’s ulti mate capture. Eventually, Rankin/Kindler’s identity is revealed and the chase between Wilson and Rankin/Kindler leads up to the climax at the clock tower where a tragedy gets to be witnessed by the whole town. The classic film noir tone pervades entirety of the movie. Apart from the black-and-white motif of the film, the majority of the scenes being serious, the characters conversing about humorless topics, there is a general atmosphere of gloom and apprehension that can be felt while watching the film. The crime and drama genre of the movie, plus the suspenseful scenes while Wilson was chasing Rankin/Kindler, also added to the mounting tension and apprehension on the part of the viewer. And then again, Rankin/Kindler’s link to the Nazis and his being a truly violent man behind that innocent face also increases the anticipation in the film. There, at the back of one’s mind are the questions that lurk: â€Å"How will this film end? How will Rankin kill them? Or will he be the one killed? What will triumph – good or evil?† among others. After all, it was only in the later part of the film that Rankin shows his true personality to his wife Mary when he was surprised that she was still alive after he planned her death at the clock tower. It is worth mentioning that the frequent reference to the clock and time are symbolic of the remaining amount of time that the lead character had, and that his evil ways would soon be over. This is further emphasized by the way that Rankin was pierced on his abdomen by the angel’s statue on the clock tower while it was revolving around its usual path about the clock tower. The implication is that good still prevails. For a 1946 film, it could be said that Welles did a great job with the mise-en-scene for the major part of the film. There were a variety of frames and shots captured, and it could be said that the composition was balanced for most of the sequences. Welles used wide shots, mid -shots, close-up shots, some cut-ins and cutaway shots too. They were mostly of eye-level angle, although there were also some of low level, high level and bird’s eye view camera shots, like the time the angel’s statue fell from the tower. As Steve-O writes in Noir of the Week, â€Å"The editing during the clock sequence is just amazing.† (The Stranger, (1946)) As is typical of classic film noir, the lighting for most of the scenes was good, except for those which were ominous and involved some evil schemes concerning the lead character. Since there

Film Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Film Music - Essay Example The difficulty of studying the nature of the music for motion pictures derives from the complexity of the medium. Films usually operate through "a conjunction of visual and auditory signals, research into film music requires an understanding of not one but two non-verbal systems of communication, as well as the problematical jargons with which we attempt to describe each of them in speech (Marks, 1997, p. 3)". Currently, few scholars have mastered the field of such specialized studies as music in silent movies. Thus, I have to address that this paper has limitation based on the narrow specialization of the topic. The subject of film music is neglected by researchers, because it spans between two disciplines and its material presents many problems (Marks, 1997). Unlike concert music, film music exists only as an accompaniment to the film and is not included into a repertoire. Especially in music for silent movies, the primary material that has to be researched is not the music, but th e film itself. Consequently, the film music in silent movies has to be studies together with a profound observation of the movie. Music in this sense is in the core of the research and the movie plot stays in the periphery (Marks, 1997). "As we view a film, our minds must contend with the ever-changing content of the moving image and the soundtrack. The individual elements (not just music, but also lighting, camera work, editing, and so forth) are submerged into the flow of images on the screen. Hence the engrossed audience rarely perceives these elements consciously; it is simply carried along by the stream of sights and sounds (Marks, 1997, p.4)." Marks (1997) points out that most of our "information about music and silent cinema dates from after 1910; earlier than that, documents are lacking and extant scores are few (p. 26)." Altman (1998) observes that in the early periods of silent film musical accompaniment was not standard practice. He explains that the US film industry began to introduce normative musical score as accompaniment between 1908 and 1912. Altman (1998) also notes that developing the musical accompaniment was a significant part of the cinematic transformation that was taking part at that time. Efforts were made to stimulate the use of film music and to supervise its quality. Much more attention should be paid on the impact of geography into music. The urbanized east coast versus the less populated western states, the neighborhood trends versus the downtown surroundings have influenced the sound in the silent movies (Altman, 1998). Ethnicity and race and the emergence of African folklore traditions, ragtime an d jazz on the musical accompaniment also placed a cornerstone in silent movies music. After the World War I and the disastrous flu epidemic in the 1918, the 1920s can be characterized as one of the most prosperous years in America. The 1920s are also called "The Roaring Twenties" or "The Jazz Age" (Blundell, n.d). After the World War I, a lot of African Americans who were living in the South, started to move North. Northern America was more industrialized and provided more employment opportunities. Thus, African Americans hoped they could make a better living. 1920s was the time when

Microprocessor Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Microprocessor Architecture - Essay Example The Pioneer is intended as a 32-bit RISC processor. It has 32 general purpose registers which can be used for calculations. It can address 32 bit address space (4GB). On the other hand the MARIE architecture has a 16-bit CISC architecture. The Machine Architecture that is Really Intuitive and Easy, MARIE, was designed for the singular purpose of illustrating basic computer system concepts. While this system is too simple to do anything useful in the real world, a deep understanding of its functions will enable you to comprehend system architectures that are much more complex. Binary, twos complement data representation. Stored program fixed word length data and instructions. 4K words of word-addressable main memory, 16-bit data words, and 16-bit instructions 4 for the op-code and 12 for the address, a 16-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU). Seven registers for control and data movement. Pioneer has an Input register size of size 32-bit and 32 possible outputs for out put. The â€Å"Y† bus may alternatively carry immediate data, created by a 16-bit value that may come from the instruction. Once the â€Å"X† and â€Å"Y† busses have data on them, any of the computational units my access that data and perform calculations on that data. Once the computational unit has accomplished the calculation, the result is placed on the â€Å"results† internal data bus, and a register in the register set may load the calculated value. The Address Generator is used to generate addresses, which can be used to access data within memory MEM [address]. It can be used as an index register. The address generator has the ability to adjust the index registers according to various controls and other registers (â€Å"Modify† registers) within the Address Generator. While MARIE has 8-bit input and 8-bit output register. Many have asked why should build an emulated MARIE computer when an excellent assembler, simulator, and data path simulator

Happy and Succeed Essay Example for Free

Happy and Succeed Essay Most students graduate from high school knowing what they want to persuade in life and accomplish, many other students don’t have a clue about anything they want to do nor persuade so for example, in the article The Pink Floyd Night School by Mark Edmundson, he as many other students after graduating high school didn’t know what he was going to do or study as a career, basically he had no clue of what he wanted. Life experience brought him the knowledge of knowing what he wanted to do in his career life. Edmundson uses many life experiences, as well as vivid examples to expand his argument of why he thinks students should take time off of school and about a year to just relax and figure out what career exactly do they want. Besides Edmundson taking it slow and his friends moving on to the fast lane of working and studying for good paying job without taking a break after high school, Edmundson took five years relaxing and working. In the article The Pink Floyd Nigh School Edmundson says, â€Å"The culture is on their side when they tell me about law school and med school and higher degrees in journalism and business; or when they tell me about research grant in China or a well-paying gig teaching English in Japan. I’m impressed, sure but I’m worried about them too. Aren’t they deciding too soon? Shouldn’t they hang out a little, learn to take it slow? † Edmundson is worried about his students taking life way too fast. Choosing careers without even thinking about how young they are and not realizing that their life is going to move very fast that in a blink of an eye their teenage life will be gone and they wouldn’t have that experience that he had as a teenager freshly coming out of high school of just relaxing thinking very well of what he wants. Recall a saying in life that says â€Å"If you work for something you love you will never have to work a day in your life. If student now take is slow and experience and live life to the fullest think of the long run and what will make them happy instead of looking for something that is financially good for them even if they don’t like it.. These people wont enjoy life and wont have any type of life experience that can change and expand their decisions of careers. Going to a four year college straight out of high school or moving to an other place to get what you want isn’t bad at all but in Edmundson mind your not going to get the life experiences that you can get in the streets inside of a four year college. Sure you will get the career faster then the other people that choose to slow down but what’s a few year. Life is short don’t miss out in living. Furthermore, Edmundson worked as a Cab driver , Manager at a movie house, crewman on a ship and a doorman in a disco. But his best job was a gig on the stage crew for a rock production company in Jersey City. Edmundson states, â€Å"The most memorable job of all though was a gig on the stage crew for a rock production company in Jersey City†¦.  That could hold 60,000 counting seats on grass I humped amps out of the truck and onto the stages. † Edmundson shared this vivid example of his life because he loves it and will never forget a memorable loving job that he liked doing. Teenagers these days jump into a carree and then change it in the long run. Or they become parents at a young age that their life pauses because now its not about them its about their child and what is best for them inside of themselves . Their life moves way to fast they get caught up in the moment and don’t take time to relax.. If he would have gone to college he wouldn’t have met nor work on something he liked a lot and it wouldn’t have made him a teacher in Vermont. Edmundson got to live his life and then got to business. He is doing something that he likes and gives him the opportunity of going back in time in his memory of his life flashbacks of when he was in high school and what happen to him when he was young. He gets to tell it to his students and learns something new each year of all the generations he gets to see and talks too of how life was then and how is life now. Don’t let life pass you by. Everyone can still be successful but taking time off school it will give you a better chance of figuring out what exactly do you want to do for your career and in life. In other words, Edmundson never even thought that his life experience would take him to an education path to get his degree in something that he would enjoy doing. He gets the pleasure of teaching kids but as well as going back in time remembering what he went threw to get to his career. He got to live his life, relaxing and enjoying five years of doing nothing but working. Take life easy and enjoy it. don’t make stress if you don’t have to.

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Asda Ltd Marketing Essay

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Asda Ltd Marketing Essay Introduction Asda is second largest supermarket chain in the UK which is taken over by the Wal-Mart and Wal-Mart consider it as a model acquisition and it was also claimed that the organisation is producing the desired result in the competitive market. This reflected by the following opinion of the Times. In accordance with the Times (2005), One of the unintended consequences of the planning rules is that it is unlikely the competitive landscape will be defined by competitive advantage. It is defined by who has got the land. I would not want to be judged as wanting something uncompetitive but there is a fundamental economic point. Maybe someone should be looking at this in terms of market share and customer choice.( Times, 2005, p 60) Through this paper the competitive business structure will considered and will also focus on the strategy how Asda can face the changes and response. The responsiveness of the Asda in line with the changed action plan is considered with the competitive nature of the market to ensure the growth and profitability. 1. Requirement One 1.1 Strengths and Weaknesses of ASDA Ltd As a second largest supermarket of UK, Asda is operating its business with some strengths and weaknesses which is listed as following diagram. Strengths Weaknesses Sufficient Shareholder More brands but lower selling of high brand products. Currently second largest supermarket chain in UK Asda cannot be compared with TESCO(first biggest supermarket chain) Provides best value rather money to the retailer Focus on selling of Asdas product rather the big brand like Nestle, Cadbury, Proctor and Gamble, Unilever. Having high profit margin Less stores compared to the competitors Efficient procurement system Focus on great profit Table: Strengths and Weaknesses of Asda (Skjottà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Larsen, 2007) 1.2 Strategies for Overcoming Weaknesses of ASDA According to Burt and Sparks (2006), company needs to focus on the weaknesses to overcome which helps to achieve the goals and objectives in line with the increased profit margins of the organisation. Moreover, seeking initiatives to reduce cost is not an only pathway to increase profit margin. But, the reduced cost adds efficiency to overcome the weaknesses of the organisation. In this case, Burt, and Sparks (2001) argued that, Asda needs to continue the expansion strategy to increase the profit of the organisation which contributes to overcome the weaknesses. In addition, Asda needs to focus on the high branded product selling. 1.3 Mitigating impact of the Weaknesses Yasemin and Mahoney, (2004) stated that, In order to overcome the core weaknesses Asda decided to increase its investment up to  £1 billion over the periods of last three years. In addition, Asda focuses on the improvement of the core business in the field of the business expansion. Particularly, Funk, (2003) considered as, Asda focused on the South to expand the business through opening new stores. Additionally, this expansion strategy is building assistance to make the demands of the products and made the organisation more competitive. However, (Skjottà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Larsen, 2007) added that, Asda can overcome the weaknesses through the following actions. Labelling own products Ensuring computerised point of sale equipment Ensuring more centralised distribution networks, Making store refurbishment 2. Requirement Two 2.1 Comparative Measurement of Performance The performance extent is shown in the following figure which brought the result of 2009. In this table, the performance results of two years are clear. Eventually, Asda make sure the outperformance compared with the Tesco (Britains largest supermarket chain) which is substantial margin Retail Week (2009), stated that, Comparisons with Sainsbury are difficult over this period as it has been such a problematic period for that company, but on most measures it is clear to see how Asda has closed the gap and overtaken Sainsbury. (Retail Week, 2009, p21) However, Asda have the lower profit growth than the Tesco in the area of the operating profit growth and operating margin performance. Particularly, Asdas sales area growth is closely matched with the Asdas space. It is completely depends upon the sales density increase which brought the result that Asda performing better than Tesco. But, the absolute performance is laying on the favour of Tesco. Figure 1: Comparative Performance of Top UK supermarket Chain 1998-9 to 2009. Source: Institute of Grocery Distribution (2009). 2.2 Existing Performance Strengthen Strategy Wal-Mart designed to move on the improvement of the Asdas performance as the organisation has been taken over by the Wal-Mart in spite of the previous coping of the business. Currently, Asda is providing good service to the customer. But, Competition Commission (2008) argued that, this will not exist if the company cannot keep on the current performance in the service sector. However, Asda is trying to keep the current performance and also trying to increase the performance and growth. For that reason, Asda designed the strategy to focus on the food retailing because the non food items were weaker and the company designed to maintain the George clothing strategy. In accordance with Fernie et al., (2006), the strategy needs to focus on the following factor. Popularity of the Asda Customer responsiveness towards Asda Interaction with the shareholder and stakeholder Trustworthiness of brand 2.3 New Areas for Expanding Business Grean and Shaw, (2007) argued that, the financial crisis for investment is one of the key issues to expand the business. Moreover, Asda faced huge debt crisis in the early 1990s and now the company is stable due to the efficient business operation which is helping to expand business. But, to raise money the company has sold development sites to its rival Tesco. Currently, Asda is trying to expand the superstores in the different location and trying to expand the business in the international market. Particularly, the new area of business expansion is international market. Moreover, the company have merged with the Kingfisher which is the leading non food retailer. Specially, Asda have the areas of business in the non food item and branded product selling like PG, Nestle, and Unilever. However, Asda has the different business operation and trying to produce own labelled product to conduct the business. 2.4 Critical Analysis Asda has different strategy to operate the supermarket stores and the company always try to focus on the multi-format competitors. Furthermore, Grean and Shaw, (2007) added that, Asda focused on the business extension through opening new stores to the portfolio. Additionally, Asda focused on developing the Asda Wal-Mart supercentres which considered as the amongst the larger supermarket chain in the UK. But, this strategy has been more matched in the Tesco hypermarket format. Notably, Fitzsimmons et al., (2004) mentioned that, the core of the portfolio has mentioned in the Asda superstore which were the difficult to expand. However, the result of the supermarket chain less total supercentres or hypermarket and the superstore were full space rather than the Tesco and Sainsbury (see figure 1). In addition, the other supermarket chains have seen that how the multi-format approaches is adopted to assure the performance management. By contrasting this, Asda refused to shift in convenience stores and stopped some smaller store and focused to develop the non-food superstore chains. 3. Requirement Three 3.1 Assessment of Current Business Objectives and Plans Asda is a part of Wal-Mart and one of the known first line supermarket chain in the UK. Asda promises to provide the products at lower cost as a retailer. Moreover, Asda prefer to focus on the value rather money and Asda believes the money lies at the heart of everything. In addition, Asda is designed the objectives to provide the product at cheaper rate which is affordable and convenient for the customers. On the other hand, Grean and Shaw, (2007) stated that, Asda reduce the packaging cost so that the product price is laid on the limit. Recently Asda stated that, the company will reduce the 25 percent packaging cost across the country which is determined for the next 12 months. However, the main objective is designed as to reduce the cost of Asdas products, offering better quality product at lower price, to recycle the wastage, to build the sustainable business, to provide the highly competitive service. Notably, the company successfully operates its activities in the competitive m arket. 3.2 Incorporating Appropriate Changes According to Funk (2003), every business organisation has the unquestionable and inescapable objective and the objective is to become profitable. Particularly, to ensure the profitability and growth Asda needs to change the operations considering the circumstances of the business and need to bring the strategic change of the operation to achieve the aims and objectives of the organisation. Asda need to change operation management and make the supermarket enjoyable and happy shopping for the customers. Moreover, Fitzsimmons et al (2004) added that, the organisational culture needs to design in the friendly way. On the one hand, the organisation need to consider the advertisement through the social media and social networking site rather than the newspaper, radio, magazine, and television. On the other hand, Asda needs to consider the loyal customer and provide the loyalty advantage so that the customer retention strategy can be more efficient. Furthermore, Caves (2007) asserted that, the working environment need to change and need to designed as the pleasant, happy, and enjoyable working environment. The employees are the key factor to provide better service and ensure growth for the organisation. So, Asda needs to change the benefit package for the employees. 3.3 Action Plan for the implementation of Changes As the working place aimed to provide the better pleasant, happy, and enjoyable working place, Asda needs to plan for adjusting the changes in line with providing various incentives, bonus, benefits, like staff discount, pension from the company, and share package for the various opportunities for the promotions in the job as well as the salary of the organisation. According to Rahman (2004), Asda need to design its action to the customer to achieve the more customer retention and market share the company needs to design the lower product price which attract customers. The information that are shared with the customer need to relevant and authentic which is considered as the good manner and the public safety notices, price reduction notices, charity fund raising campaign etc. Customers become more trustworthy when Asda share the legal and authentic information with the customers. 3.4 Results of the Changes The changes have logically brought about the particular effect on non food pricing which brought the customer satisfaction. Moreover, Asda will have logical impact of the changes to buying scale of the products. Humby et al., (2007) argued that, Asda has notable reduction of the non food price which will reduce the clothing products due to the changes of the action plan. Additionally, Womack et al., (2007) added that, the branded clothing products sale will be increased and the business expansion will be ensured. So, sharp price reduction can be brought about the customer acquisition and retention which will increase the market share. For that change in the operation management the organisation will be awarded the improved the considerable growth. 3.5 Demonstration of Results Experts has doubt that, Wal-Mart has huge effect on Asda. For that reason, one question always arised that, how Asda can be able to response with the changes though Asda operating business in the competitive nature of the market. Retail Week (2009) expressed that; the turnover will be rise when the operating profit will be increased as a result of the business performance of the Asda. However, Zhao (2004) asserted as, Asda will hve lower margin if the company dont reduce the product price. The cost reduction of the Asda is a positive impact which leads to customer retention. Moreover, the expected growth of the generated profit sharing is designed to increase the product sale. This result will lead Asda to takeover other business and expand its business. The result will make sure Asdas profit margin up wards trend which increase the growth of the organisation. 4. Requirement Four 4.1 Impact of the Proposed Changes The proposed changes which already describe in the report will have the particular impact on Asda. For that reason, the quality of the products as well as the maintaining systems needs to revise. Asda needs to consider its resources to response with the changes of its operations. However, the quality of the products is comprised with the huge resources, tools, and systems along with the systems of the organisation which is determined by the shareholders and stakeholders. To maintain the standard quality Asda needs to check the quality of the products which helps organisation to increase the return. For that reason Pal and Byrom (2005), stated that, There are staff as well as the managerial procedures are taken for the monitoring of the high standards of quality in Asda for the impact of the proposed changes. (Pal and Byrom, 2005, p 16-149) 4.2 Change Management As Wal-Mart has taken over Asda and is operating with more dynamic strategies, Asda can control the change management more easily and more conveniently (Guy, 2007). However, the change management is designed to develop the probable strategy which is completely designed to control the variables which has the common impact on the business. Moreover, Hughes et al., (2009) stated that, Asda needs to follow the change management from production to inventory. In that case, Asda control the entire factor including production plant, inventory, administration, and the shareholder as well as stakeholder. Finally the tools like just in time, machine utilisation control, stock control, quality control, and food additives can be used to ensure change management. 4.3 Business Performance Chief executive Andy Clarke (2012) has been quick to state that Asda has momentum and, a year after the  £778m acquisition of Netto, its hard to argue against the statement. The business performance can be shown through the statement of the Andy Clarke. Asda business performance is continuously improving which is shown from the figure one and the second largest supermarket chain has conceptualised the overall annual growth of the business. Gielens et al., (2008) argued that, Asdas administration argued that, over the half million people check the online superstore per week. The overall business performance of the organisation defiantly increased if the company can go through like the current scope of the organisation. So this is good observation for the organisation to increase the margin. Conclusion and Recommendation Based on the above discussion, it is clear that, Asda is strong retail business in the UK and currently it is considered as the second largest supermarket chain in the UK. But, it is also important to consider that, the Wal-Mart has huge contribution behind the recognition and business expansion. Asda has expertise to make sure the positive feedback of the organisation. Besides, the organisation has the operational efficiencies, technological development, and massive buying power which can easily response with the changes of the action plan. Despite all of this however, Asda has not been able to close the gap on the UK market leader, Tesco, and has been reduced to calling for government intervention and for it to be cut down to size. In that respect it is fair to ask what has gone wrong with Asda. Finally, Asda can adapt in organizational change which ensure the ability to increase the profit margin and up word indication of future growth of business.

Blogging for Emotional Well Being Essay -- Blogs

Blogging for Emotional Well Being "Imagine keeping a diary every day, but instead of locking it up and stowing it in your desk drawer, you do the exact opposite. You post it on the Web, letting the entire world -- well, anyone who stumbles upon it, anyway -- inside your head." (Nord) I am sure that almost everyone at some point in time has received the following advice when feeling down: "Why don’t you write out your thoughts?", "Write a song or a poem.", "Write a letter to a friend, telling what you feel." In effect, ‘write’! Writing is therapeutic. It’s a fact of life that everyone has experienced. Every author, poet, songwriter, speaker we know has written for one simple reason, they need to. "I caught up on my webreading today, and that article on web logging really hit home. I know that most folks don't care about what I'm writing. The keys to why I want to keep it up (note, I'm still trying to keep it up, not always making it) are A) it's therapeutic as hell just to write it B) someone might care, and respond, and that ONE person makes it all okay." (FanBoy) Writing out personal thoughts, feelings, observations, and experiences increases the understanding of one’s way of thinking. It helps one realize issues not thought about before. Writing can solve problems by getting to the root of issues. People keep journals, sketchbooks, or diaries to assist in understanding themselves. Some people keep blogs. Blogs are very much like journals in that there is a freedom to type out a plethera of feeling and emotion onto a keyboard. Observations such as a description of an interesting person seen that day may fall into a personal web log. "These blogs, often updated several times a day, were instead a record of the blogg... ...eople to help themselves. Works cited: Golding, David. David Golding Presents. Online Posting. April 22, 2001. March 18, 2002. <http://pah2.weblogs.com> Blood, Rebecca. "Weblogs: A History and Perspective" Rebecca’s Pocket. September 2000. 23 March 2002. < http://www.rebeccablood.net/essays/weblog_history.html> Nord, Tom. "Blogs Share People's Stories". Gannett News Service. 9 April 2001. 24 March 2002. <http://detnews.com/2001/technews/0104/09/b01-209360.htm> Grohol, John M. Psy D. "Psychology of Weblogs". Online posting. April 2001. 24 March 2002. < http://www.psychcentral.com/blogs/> Hoyum, Sonja. My Little Marathon. Online posting. 6; 22; 25 March 2002. 11 April 2002. <http://www.xanga.com/home.asp?user=fjorgyn > FanBoy. G-Blog, FanBoy. Online Posting. 26 Feb 2002. 17 April 2002. <http://www.g-blog.net/entry/446>

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide are Murder Essay -- Euthanas

Assisted Suicide is Murder    "If suicide is a right, then it is one that has remained undiscovered throughout the ages by the great thinkers in law, ethics, philosophy and theology. It appears nowhere in the Bible or the Koran or the Talmud. Committing suicide wasn't a "right" a thousand years ago, and it isn't one now. That's why most societies, including our own, have passed laws against it" (Callahan, pg. 71). Assisted suicide is murder! In all of history, "there are only three circumstances that have been an acceptable way for taking a life: killing in self-defense or in protection of another life, killing in war, and in the case of capital punishment, killing by agents of the state. This law doesn't allow anywhere in the United States the right for one person to kill another even if the latter requests it to be done" (Callahan. pg. 71). However, Dr. Jack Kevorkian has committed this last type of killing several times. In the Hippocrates Oath, a physician swears not to give poison to anyone, though asked to do so, nor to suggest such a plan (Biema). With the technology and advancements in medicine today, who is to say that a person's illness couldn't be cured within the next few months? Why should a person have to make the choice of ending his or her life if (s)he is unsure about a cure? How can someone else know if another person is really experiencing unbearable pain and suffering? Who gets to be the person who tells another that his or her life isn't worth living? Many persons who want to legalize assisted suicide probably never looked at the risks that could happen if assisted suicide is legalized. If assisted suicide was legal fifty years ago, we wouldn't have some of the advancements that control pa... ...t To Die?" Time . January 13, 1997 pgs. 60-61 Callahan, Daniel. "Physician -assisted Suicide Should Not be Legal." Suicide: Opposing Viewpoints. Biskup, Michael. ed. San Diego. Greenhaven Press, Inc.1992. Christensen, Damaris. "Court upholds Banning Assisted Suicide." [On-Line]. Medical Tribune . July 17, 1997. Available : http:// www.medtrib.com / issues / July 17/ Assisted Suicide.htm Downloaded: November 24, 1997 "Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide: All Sides." [On-Line]. Available: http://www.relgious tolerance.org/euthanas.htm #beli Downloaded: November 6, 1997 "Law Prohibiting Assisted Suicide Upheld." [On-Line]. Available: http://anaserve.com/~phb/suic.htm Downloaded: November 24, 1997 Potts, Stephen G.. "Euthanasia Should Not Be Legalized." Euthanasia: Opposing Viewpoints. Bernards, Neal. ed. San Diego. Greenhaven Press, Inc. 1989.

A Little Wiggle Room

Today we will be looking at two articles written by University of California Psychology Director Craig Haney.   He specializes in the assessment of institutional environments especially the psychological effects of incarceration.He has written several scholarly articles and is involved in many research projects mostly specializing in the effect of incarceration and overcrowding, making headway into the understanding of the effect an overtaxed system has on an individual.He looks at issues such as recidivism, prison violence, mental and emotional disorders and the long term effect of solitary or supermax facilities when inflicted on lower security inmates due to overpopulation.In these two articles entitled â€Å"The Wages of Prison Overcrowding† and â€Å"Prison Overcrowding: Harmful Consequences and Dysfunctional Reactions† I believe Haney tries to not only explain the great toll that overcrowding has on an individual as well as the taxpayer, but offers solutions to ease out of the current trend spending more tax dollars converting facilities into sleeping quarters.â€Å"There is a clear association between the restriction of living space and the occurrence of disciplinary violations.† (Haney 2)   Haney goes on to point out the fact that when a prison is filled beyond its capacity, there is less of everything to go around, causing hoarding, violence and tension between prisoners.Prisoners are forced to do without basic necessities such as showers and toilets being forced to wait for availability increasing tension inside the facility.Guards are left unable to control the already agitated population caused when people who may already be lacking social skills necessary to function in everyday life are forced to live in close quarters with others.   The current solution most prisons call for is more staff, better armaments for the staff, and better punitive measures with which to control the inmates, making the prison more painful and h armful to the inmates.Areas normally reserved for recreational facilities make way for bed space with basic security contributing to inmate idleness and inactivity further worsening the problem.The prisoners are left with less to do and less outlets for releasing tension, the rates of prisoner animosity towards each other rises, as well as towards the guard’s.Facilities generally used to rehabilitate prisoners, such as education and prison work facilities are transformed into bed space, leaving prisoners with unfilled needs, adding to the problem of recidivism.He has shown that a majority of prisoners read at or below a third grade level calling them â€Å"marginally literate† (Haney 5) and points out they leave prison in very much the same condition.Unprepared and therefore unable to function as normal productive citizens with a lack of education and basic job skills, they return to their old ways and end up back inside the system in much the same condition they left prison in.  In his articles Haney attempts to inform not just his fellow scholars, but also the individual states and penal systems on the effects they are having on the people theYincarcerate.How being pushed through a system too overworked to notice a prisoner with special needs such as mental of emotional disabilities can have a serious effect on the people they are forced to live in close quarters with.   This eventually leads to a breakdown of the prisoner moral, leading to dissention, and prison violence.These articles are a great starting point for any discussion into prison life, recidivism, prison overcrowding or assessments on how tax dollars should be spent.   I share the author’s belief that if nothing is done and eventual breakdown of the prison system is inevitable.He points out that the current solution, bringing in more weapons and more brutal tactics by guards can have an even worse effect on the individual prisoner, causing low risk inmates into recidi vism.   Tactics that enforce order and control over inmates rather than improving living conditions often worsen violence inside prison walls.Rather than deal with the issues that caused the potential violence in the first place they fight fire with fire.  Ã‚   While (overcrowding) â€Å"is not the only cause of the sometimes dangerous conditions and potential for abuse that exists in many of our nation’s prisons, it is a central and critical issue that must be effectively addressed if these other problems are to be solved.† (Haney 12)SourcesHaney, Craig. â€Å"Prison Overcrowding: Harmful Consequences and Dysfunctional  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reactions.† prisoncommission.org. 2 Nov 2008. Commission of Safety and Abuse inAmericas Prisons. 3 Feb. 2009 Haney, Craig. â€Å"The Wages of Prison Overcrowding: Harmful Psychological  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consequences and Dysfunctional Correctional Reactions.† http://law.wustl.edu/. 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dec. 2008. Washington U niversity Law School. 3 Feb. 2009.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Ethical Lens Inventory

When it comes to conducting myself as an ethical and responsible student, based on my experiences, my self-knowledge and my readings for this class, I will study the positives of different ethical lenses, I will find balance in when to look at a group of people as a whole or individually, and I will ensure that I hold myself accountable for those depending on me. I will study the positives of different ethical lenses so that I can be the best that I can be. Different situations call for different ethical views. If I can expand my knowledge of dissimilar ethical lenses then I will be better equipped to handle a wider variety of situations. I have more of a value on sensibility, when there are times when thinking rationally is for the best. When I am able to find the balance between when to view a situation as a whole or by the individual, I will increase my effectiveness in dealing with a larger number of people. I tend to focus on the individual instead of the group. I have to start taking a step back at looking at the bigger picture when necessary. When focusing solely on each person alone I very easily can lose sight of the bigger picture. Sometimes to reach a goal everyone has to be held to the same level of responsibility instead of different goals for each singular person. When I am able to exercise my free will I lean towards walking away when my needs are met. I have to hold myself responsible for making sure all requirements are achieved. I cannot leave my associates or fellow students to struggle to have everything completed. I am not only responsible for my part, but also helping everyone else to complete their share of the work. In conclusion, I will determine how the different ethical lenses can help me, I will find balance in looking at the immediate needs and the big picture, and I will make certain that I hold myself answerable to those depending on me. All of these changes can and will help me to become a more ethically responsible person; which would make me a better, more well-rounded, employee, student, and individual. Ethical Lens Inventory When it comes to conducting myself as an ethical and responsible student, based on my experiences, my self-knowledge and my readings for this class, I will study the positives of different ethical lenses, I will find balance in when to look at a group of people as a whole or individually, and I will ensure that I hold myself accountable for those depending on me. I will study the positives of different ethical lenses so that I can be the best that I can be. Different situations call for different ethical views. If I can expand my knowledge of dissimilar ethical lenses then I will be better equipped to handle a wider variety of situations. I have more of a value on sensibility, when there are times when thinking rationally is for the best. When I am able to find the balance between when to view a situation as a whole or by the individual, I will increase my effectiveness in dealing with a larger number of people. I tend to focus on the individual instead of the group. I have to start taking a step back at looking at the bigger picture when necessary. When focusing solely on each person alone I very easily can lose sight of the bigger picture. Sometimes to reach a goal everyone has to be held to the same level of responsibility instead of different goals for each singular person. When I am able to exercise my free will I lean towards walking away when my needs are met. I have to hold myself responsible for making sure all requirements are achieved. I cannot leave my associates or fellow students to struggle to have everything completed. I am not only responsible for my part, but also helping everyone else to complete their share of the work. In conclusion, I will determine how the different ethical lenses can help me, I will find balance in looking at the immediate needs and the big picture, and I will make certain that I hold myself answerable to those depending on me. All of these changes can and will help me to become a more ethically responsible person; which would make me a better, more well-rounded, employee, student, and individual.

Risk Management Assignment (BP) British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Essay

Risk Management Assignment (BP) British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon - Essay Example PART A Introduction Where the world is growing and enhancing at a phenomenal pace, new, modern and contemporary technologies have emerged and growing rapidly in every field of life, which has transformed the ways of living as an outcome. This has also affected the world of commerce and has allowed the businesses to move ahead in a new direction. Investments and returns are the key aspects for a businessperson when setting up the business. However, a business always accompanies innumerable risk factors with it, whether it is the competitor threat, emerging new prospects in the industry, variations in the economic conditions, changing values of the goods or services or the fluctuations in foreign currencies. Risk is the probability or the possibility that a particular step or decision gives an adverse conclusion or makes a loss (Great Britain, pp.1, 2007). More or less, risk is a factor that all businesses enterprise carries; however, the extent and scope of risk varies from business t o business. In the old times, when the businesses were involved in more of manual activities, risk was one of the factors that were at a high level. However, nowadays, the risk factors involved in the business can easily come under measurement through the advancement of technologies and processes. Risk Management A course of action that determines, button down, breakdown, investigate, and either acquire and acknowledge or alleviate risk or ambiguities when making a decision or while investing comes under reference of Risk Management.  The aftereffects or the chain reaction may lead to huge losses if the organizations do not carry out the process of risk management in a commensurate way. One of the major examples that prove the importance of risk management is the Financial Crisis that happened in the year 2008. Through the process of risk management, the intensity of risk coupled with the business and its functions can come under measurement, and course of actions can undertake to eradicate or play down the risks. The businesses execute the process of risk management in order to spot the circumstances, conditions, or actions that may lead to adversity so that preventive measures can come under implementation in order to lessen the risks involved to overcome the consequences that may result in the catastrophe. The determination of risks through a systematic, planned, and apparent approach provides a business to evaluate, quantify, and give high importance to the risks so that adapted and pertinent steps can come under accomplishment to diminish them (Crouhy, Galai, Mark, pp. 37-54, 2006). The organizations’ prime goal and vision is to generate revenue, make profits for themselves and other stakeholder, augment their worth in the market, and create a good will. Therefore, one cannot neglect the fact that risk management is of utmost importance for any organization. In order for a business to flourish and prosper, risk management is one of the essential and elementary aspects and functions that a business should consider and undergo. Risk management is

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Business plan; financial section - Essay Example In approximation, the occupancy expenses add up to $100,000. These expenses are expected to increase as the business grows. However, the company will purchase its own premises as soon as it can. The estimated fixed assets by the receipt master are $200,000. This is because they are not expected to be very many in the business’ first year of operation. These few assets will just be enough to keep the business operating before it makes enough profit to fund its other assets (Friend and Stefan 38). The growth expenses add up to $2.5 million but there is no debt incurred by he receipt master. The growth expenses are expected to increase as the business progresses. Due to the uncertainties that come with the beginning of a new business, the miscellaneous expenses add up to $100,000. However, these expenses are expected to amount to a smaller amount that this due to the extensive research and precise calculations done prior to the actual planning. The figures have been put to the higher side of the probability or the

Engineering ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engineering ethics - Case Study Example Within any given integrated work place, a coherent code of conduct is used to manage behavioral conduct of employees. This code of conduct outlines the principles and values required of every employee when conducting any duty within a  social setting. Apart from laws and the code of conduct, ethics determine the professional behavioral pattern demonstrated by employees. Ethics relate to an individual’s philosophical principles and beliefs. Ethical practices involve adoption of elements like honesty, loyalty, commitment and avoidance of conflict of interest in professional duties. In any professional training, an individual is informed of the required ethical elements which all employees working in a certain professional accord should follow. At this juncture, we will begin by appraising the code of conduct that defines ethical principles required of engineers. Engineering, which is mostly concerned with the welfare of the society, should depict high levels of ethics in its a pplication. Therefore, engineers should display ethical conduct in every activity pertaining to their profession. With respect to the underlying case study, Giffels faces a dilemma situation where he is required to make an ethical decision within the line of duty. Before we begin evaluating Giffels’ case from a theoretical perspective, it is appropriate that we acknowledge some of the ethical requirements of every engineer in the field. From the NSPE, which outline the code of ethics for engineers, engineers have a professional obligation of informing his/her clients when they belief that a certain project has some defects. In addition, engineers should not engage in activities that serve to advance their professional status by untruthfully presenting information about projects. According to the rule of practice, engineers should prioritize safety, health and the general welfare of the public in all professional duties. When charged with a responsibility of approving a projec t, engineers should only approve projects that conform to the applicable engineering standards. Moreover, every engineer should carry out professional assignments with the highest standards of honesty and integrity. At this juncture, acknowledgement of these ethical principles facilitates appraisal of Giffels’ case in an objective manner. Relevant theories concerned with ethical standards will prove helpful in understanding professional ethics from a theoretical perspective. The underlying case concerns an engineer faced with a situation requiring an ethical decision making process. Giffels has a professional duty of installing equipment in a government facility. However, this facility does not meet the required engineering standards in its constructions. Giffels notice that the responsible designer did not consider the issue of safety in terms of fire and escape routes in the facility. In addition, the designer did not submit details on how Giffels should install the require d equipments with respect to the issues of safety. Giffels evaluated this situation from an ethical perspective. Although his duty was to install the equipments, he considered the aspect of public safety in the project. This made Giffels consider approaching the concerned parties for assistance. The designer rejected his claim saying that Giffels duty is to complete the

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The Integrated STEM System - Research Paper Example This essay will not deeply address the issues as the main project will follow that will handle the topic adequately. The acronym STEM refers to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. It is a newly introduced curriculum which advocates for the teaching of science, technology, engineering and mathematics through integration. Meaning, it is a new approach which adopts an applied and interdisciplinary strategy while teaching these subjects without necessarily teaching them in isolation. By blending Chemistry, physics, In formation Technology, computer, engineering, mathematical science, geosciences, astronomy, life science and social sciences, the curriculum will be encouraging students to learn about practical problem solving skills which are of course essential in their day to day experiences. STEM was established in the United States with the aim of solving the problems created in education and offering of science subjects. The project is aimed at making the STEM related fields more relevant to the students. This is aimed in turn at ensuring that the students become more creative in the future and come up with new projects that can help the country scientifically. The problems in security are a major concern in many countries and it was also one of the highlighted problems that are to be addressed by the STEM project once it goes underway. This essay will look deeply into the idea and point out the strengths it has depicted and the limitations including the remedies that can be implemented to make it a more effective method of bridging the scientific and technological gap that is created in science subjects. However, in order to achieve its objectives, STEM program will have to be introduced to the learners as early as possible. As a matter of fact, it will be shift from the common tradition in which the STEM subjects are taught differently in schools. As a new system aiming at reaching the greatest possible

A Critical Evaluation of Your Learning and Development Whilst on Work Assignment

A Critical Evaluation of Your Learning and Development Whilst on Work Placement - Assignment Example The main aim of the module is to enable learning from the entire work experience that includes a focus on knowledge from the workplace and generic skills. These comprise of: induction programs, understanding organizational structures, learning through induction, personal development and critical analysis (Peter, 2009). Much of my educational learning is about gaining of subject knowledge and development the critical and analytical skills related to my subject. This is a very important fact; however, what is also vital is that I can apply this academic knowledge and, more exclusively, the kinds of thinking skills I gained through education to a more practical context of work (Sammon, 2008). With ever changing knowledge, I also need to be very practical and adaptable so as to cope with these demands. Therefore, this module is generally aimed to help me: develop my personal and key skills, increase my employability skills, improve on my strengths and weakness, become a reflective practi tioner, be able to utilize effectively transfer of skills, become an autonomous learner and finally to be able to learn by experience. MODULE STRUCTURE 1) Learning through self-awareness 1.1) knowing and understanding my learning style There are numerous means that a person can learn. The more can be able to understand our preferences to learn, including developing and practicing various ways of learning and hence the more we become effective learners in different contexts (Peter, 2009). According to Kolb (1984), as we grow up, we build up tendencies and preferences to learn new things in some specific way, without essentially noticing that it is so. My learning style is basically linked to Kolb’s four stages of learning as shown below: 1having a strong experience doing 4. Testing planning 3. Conceptulizing 2.reflection/ observation review To be a more effective learner I would wish to improve on these selected areas. 1.2 Personal and key skills Many generic skills are for ef fectiveness at work or daily lives, for instance problem solving, good communication, time management, setting goals. It is actually important to continue to develop your skills at greater levels and in new situations (Sammon, 2008). Personal and key skills self evaluation 1 2 3 4 justification Self management a. Time management b. Dealing with criticism c. Professional responsibility d. Meeting of the objectives, standards and priorities e. Clarification of personal values f. Employment potentials Problem solving a. Identification of the problem b. Critical thinking about the problem c. Conceptualization of the issues d. Identification of the options e. Identify possible solutions f. Implementation of the course of action g. Carry out the solution h. Evaluation and adaption of the solutions and outcomes Working with others a. Planning together b. Respecting the values and views of others c. Delegation, d. initiative, e. negotiation, f. lead Communication a. visual/oral competency b . effective listening c. verbal communication Handling of data a. use of media and appropriate technology with IT b. handling of large amount of data c. translation of data into words d. evaluation and adoption of strategies for handling data and information e. use of sources of information KEY: 1) started but needs more practice 2) able to do if there is some assistance 3) proficient without assistance 4) proficient and able to help others 1.3 strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis This entails an honest and critical reflection of my strengths, weaknesses and areas that I need to develop. It also contains the opportunities that are

Psychology Journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Psychology Journals - Essay Example d by his belief based on his gathered evidence that the lab tests that use animal rarely result to anything that benefits humankind, that mostly are just for commercial intents. That people and animals are different species, thus using animals with people as the supposed beneficiary is not logical. in the medical sciences, research with animals has resulted in major achievements in psychology, which s/he believes have contributed to important benefits for human beings. S/he further cites that the biofeedback technique, which people use to control high blood pressure, originated from studies using lab animals. in the issue of animal cruelty, there had been a study that investigated 600 of these alleged accusations, but eventually did not support the charge of cruelty. S/he further points out that instances occur, but are infrequent and not typical of psychological experiments. people—including animal rights advocates—do not think that animals share the characteristics that allow them the same rights as humans; and these people condone pet sterilization, disregarding the animals right to breed. of the many experiments using animals, only a few contribute to important medical or psychological research. S/he further argues that a vast number of experiments are used for commercial purposes: to test new shampoos, cosmetics, food additives, or detergents. Yes, I believe both psychologists presented sound arguments based the criteria. Their claims are all verifiable, not simply opinions. They both cited sources, which can also be checked if they match. Finally, the incidents cited were more than one. Animals may be used in lab experiments as long as guidelines to the humane treatment are observed. Humans have been plagued by new diseases with some killing relentlessly, like the swine flu, among so many others. AIDS, after years of research, has yet remained incurable. If lab research using animals could give us hope in combating these diseases, then I would

Effects on Relationships Among Adolescents Essay Example for Free

Effects on Relationships Among Adolescents Essay Chyril Lou T. Caià ±a February 6, 2013 BSAC-I-ACA 9:21AM Area Exposure I interviewed a woman whose age is 43, single, from Isla Puntod Balulang. She survived the Sendong tragedy with the help of God as well as other people around her. She has many relatives as well as cousins who survived the sending tragedy and luckily no one died in her family when the tragedy occurred. The basic information she gave was that because of the hanging bridge many of her cousins as well as herself survived the occurring tragedy while her clothes as well as the others were already wet and dirty. The tragedy started at about 9:00 in the evening she said when water levels were increasing up to the calves and were at a safety zone at 2:00 AM and there she and the group of survivors were taken to Xavier heights for immediate recovery as well as shelter. Her life before the tragedy was easier she said as well as the way she will cope up in order to forget the tragedy is to work hard and start a new life with the blessings God gave her as well as the help that was given to her as well. She also said that if it had not been for the dog that was scratching her face she would’ve been dead because she was asleep sadly the dog died in the tragedy that saved her. Now that I have heard her story as well as understood what she experienced I now have the insight that the cause of grief and sadness is not because of God but the way we act according to our ways as people living right now because we people take for granted what God has given as such as nature and the living things living in and with nature. We people corrupt because of greed and other vices and sins and because of this some suffer and if not all of us. While it is unbecoming for us to be more and more undisciplined because of today’s present situation as well as continuing distress and poverty of our country’s people we must shed light to the truth in order of us to be saved as well as learn how to become more humanly as well as more understanding and caring for each individuals needs as well as our environment by starting to be more aware of what will happen if we don’t pick up our trashes and garbage’s and recycle them properly. For it has been stated in Isaiah 45:7† I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the Lord do all these things.† What it means for me is that this correlates to God’s people being obedient thus God rewards them with prosperity and blessings as well as if the people as disobeying God’s commands as well as his teachings then God will give way to disasters and strife if we disobey and continue with our disobedience with him. For we people are the stewards of God’s creation and we must do what we can to save ourselves as well as the world.

Study Proposal: Causative Mutations in Optic Neuropathy

Study Proposal: Causative Mutations in Optic Neuropathy Optic neuropathy refers to degeneration of optic nerve. It is often described as optic atrophy that means loss of few or most of optic nerve fibers [1]. It can be symmetric or bilateral based on toxic or nutritional ( vitamin B12 or folate deficiency) insults and genetic defects [4]. In genetically inherited optic atrophies, retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve fiber layer are damaged. This damage can be focal (affects macular beam of optic nerve) or generalized [6]. The axons of retinal ganglion cells arise from retina and from optic nerve. The optic nerve enter cortex via optic disc where input signal is processed into vision. The retinal ganglion cells or nerve cells of inner retina form 1.2 million nerve fibers [1]. The key features of optic neuropathy results from death of these nerve cells or neurons. Autosomal recessive optic atrophies (ROAs) indicate loss of nerve fibers that form optic disc, optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tracts [net bookmark]. The only key feature of isolated ROAs is optic nerve degeneration. To date defects in genes coding for mitochondrial proteins leads to isolated ROAs [4]. The genetically inherited atrophies can be familial that follows Mendelian pattern of inheritance (X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant) or non Mendelian (mitochondrial) [2]. In autosomal recessive Mendelian pattern of inheritance, two copies of mutant allele in affected person and one copy of mutant allele in carrier are present. When two carriers mate, there is an equal chance (25%) of being affected and unaffected. There is a 50% chance of being heterozygous (unaffected carrier). But in autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, affected individuals have one mutant copy of allele so every individual has 50% chance of being affected or being normal. In the pure congenital autosomal recessive optic atrophy, symptoms like visual impairment appear very early and are present at birth or appear in first year of life. Affected individuals are severely impaired visually leading to visual disability or complete blindness. It is never associated with neurological disorders. It can be diagnosed very early, usually before the age of 4 years. Fundus examination reveals optic disc pallor temporally or bilaterally. A cupping may develop with age [3]. Affected individuals suffer from central scotoma, photophobia and also have red green color confusion [6]. Family history is critical for diagnosis [Hereditaryà ¿opticà ¿neuropathies: from clinical signs to diagnosis]. Clinical diagnosis involves fundoscopy, visual field testing, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography scan of the retinal nerve fiber layers, color vision analysis and standard electroretinogram. Damage from optic nerve atrophy cannot be reversed [4].To clinically distinguishes it from LHON flourscene angiography was done which fails to show any peripapillary microvascular changes, beside this retinal activity is also normal confirmed by electroretinogram. Pathology of arOA is confirmed by testing visual evoked potential which was totally absent in affected individuals. Central or cecocentral faults are diagnosed through visual field testing. Lesion in the fovea or papillomacular bundle leads to cental scotoma which ultimately affects the central fixation. Thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer is diagnosed through optical coherence tomography scan [3, 4, clinical diagnosis]. Papillomacular bundle leads to the extension of cecocentral sctoma towards blind spot. There is no effective treatment for optic atrophy because degeneration of nerve fibers is irreversible process. Although further damage can be prevented by early diagnosis and by treating underlying causes of the disorder [ net bookmark]. As environmental factor play their role in every aspect of life likewise in this disorder alcohol consumption and smoking should be strictly prohibited [Hereditaryopticneuropathies: from clinical signs to diagnosis]. Genetic counseling and proper awareness of people is very important to prevent such genetic disorders without any effective treatment. New therapies are being formulated by designing animal models or by clinical trial on affected humans these therapies mainly focuses in preventing oxidative stress. Animal models have been designed for testing the various treatments in case of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy [Treatment of hereditaryopticneuropathies]. arOA is divided into syndromic and non-syndromic form, syndromic arOA involve multiple organs other than eye which are effected just like wolfram syndrome [6, net bookmarks]. While in non-syndromic optic nerve is affected only and it also shows familial transmission more than one members of same family can also be affected [Hereditaryopticneuropathies: from clinical signs to diagnosis]. OPA 6 and 7 are the two loci which are characterized till now, mutation in any one of two leads to arOA. Disease causing gene has been localized at chromosome 8q21–q22 (Zmax of 3.41 at h ¼0 for D8S270). D8S1794 and D8S1702 markers present on OPA6 in a 12Mb interval [6]. OPA7 containing 40 known genes, only one gene TMEM126A screened as a causative agent of non-syndromic arOA [4, 7]. TMEM126A is homozygous nonsense mutation characterized as first known mutation in case of isolated arOA, this gene transcribed into mitochondrial transmembrane protein. TMEM126A helps in early nucleation of mitochondrial complexes that is why it is also termed as mitochondria-localized mRNA (MLR) protein. It play important role in function of retinal ganglion cells by arranging protein complexes essential for the proper functioning of RGCs. It is hypothesized that TMEM126A may accelerate the rate at which protein complex assemble, which otherwise occurs slowly that ultimately affect high energy demanding RGCs. While in other tissues the effect of this mutation may be substituted by some other protein of TMEM family [4, 7]. TMEM126A transcribe single ubiquitous transcript of 770bp that contain total five exons four coding and one non-coding exon. TMEM126A present on chromosome 11 and its span is 8.5 kb. Testis, fetal retinal pigmentary epithelium (RPE), fetal retina, brain (whole), cerebellum, fetal brain and skeletal muscle are the sites where strong expression of TMEM126A has been observed. Substantial amount of specific mRNA in the ganglion cell layer, optic nerve head, the outer ellipsoide length of photoreceptor inner segments, and the outer plexiform layer is detected by the process of insitu hybridization in mouse i.e. 8 month old. In the photoreceptor outer segments and outer nuclear layer (ONL) no labeling is noticed. Mitochondria specific Alpha subunit of the ATP synthase is Immunolocalized on retinal sections of the same mouse which resulted into the same pattern of expression. So it is confirmed that TMEM126A transcribe mitochondrial localized m RNA. Linkage analysis is the process helps in finding mutation or gene resulted into arOA. Potential functionality of genes with their chromosomal location is associated through this statistical method. During chromosomal recombination markers present closely or on the same area on chromosome will remain attached together are transmitted as such in offspring’s this idea is exploited in linkage analysis. If in an individual disease gene is transmitted along with some specific markers it means disease causing gene is present close to these markers. Those disorders that follow Mendelian inheritance pattern can easily be analyzed through this process [5]. This study will be the first step which further helps in identifying the causative gene responsible for arOA in Pakistani population and also help in designing therapeutic tools for the benefit of affected persons. By conducting these type of studies we can also aware our population about such type of rare disorders.